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Medical Oncology
Medical oncology is a branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancer using non-surgical methods. Medical oncologists are doctors who are trained to use a variety of cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormone therapy.
Medical oncologists work as part of a multidisciplinary team of healthcare providers, including surgeons, radiation oncologists, pathologists, and other specialists. They are responsible for developing and implementing treatment plans for patients with cancer, as well as monitoring their progress and adjusting treatment as needed.
Medical oncologists use a range of diagnostic tools to identify and stage cancer, including imaging tests, blood tests, and biopsies. They also work closely with other healthcare providers to manage the side effects of cancer treatment and provide supportive care to patients.
Medical oncology is a rapidly evolving field, with new treatments and therapies being developed all the time. Medical oncologists must stay up-to-date with the latest research and advancements in cancer treatment to provide the best possible care to their patients.
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- Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or prevent them from growing. These drugs can be given orally or intravenously and can travel throughout the body to kill cancer cells. Because chemotherapy affects rapidly dividing cells, it can also harm healthy cells that divide rapidly, such as those in the hair follicles, digestive tract, and bone marrow. Side effects of chemotherapy can include hair loss, nausea, vomiting, and increased risk of infection.
- Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target cancer cells without harming healthy cells. These drugs work by blocking specific molecules or pathways that are essential for cancer cell growth and survival. Targeted therapy can be given orally or intravenously and can be used alone or in combination with other treatments. Side effects of targeted therapy can include skin rash, diarrhea, and liver problems.
- Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target cancer cells without harming healthy cells. These drugs work by blocking specific molecules or pathways that are essential for cancer cell growth and survival. Targeted therapy can be given orally or intravenously and can be used alone or in combination with other treatments. Side effects of targeted therapy can include skin rash, diarrhea, and liver problems.
- Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that helps the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. There are several types of immunotherapy, including checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, and cancer vaccines. Checkpoint inhibitors are drugs that release the brakes on the immune system, allowing it to attack cancer cells more effectively. CAR-T cell therapy involves genetically engineering a patient's own T cells to recognize and attack cancer cells. Cancer vaccines can also be used to stimulate the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
- Stem Cell Transplant: Stem cell transplant involves replacing damaged bone marrow or blood cells with healthy ones. This can be done using the patient's own stem cells or stem cells from a donor. Stem cell transplant is often used to treat blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma, as well as other types of cancer. The goal of stem cell transplant is to replace the patient's damaged immune system with a healthy one, but it can cause side effects such as infection, bleeding, and graft-versus-host disease.